中蒙俄经济走廊

2014 年 9 月 11日，习近平主席在塔吉克斯坦首都杜尚别举行的首次中蒙俄三国元首会晤期间，提出打造中蒙俄经济走廊的倡议，获得普京总统和额勒贝格道尔吉总统的积极响应。2016 年 6 月 23 日，三国正式签署《建设中蒙俄经济走廊规划纲要》，这是“一带一路” 倡议下的第一个多边合作规划纲要。中蒙俄经济走廊是丝绸之路经济带的重要组成部分，旨在推动“一带一路” 倡议同俄罗斯的“欧亚联盟”倡议、蒙古国的“草原之路”倡议实现对接，为三国深化务实合作搭建顶层设计平台，以便发挥三方的潜力和优势，建设和拓展互利共赢的经济发展空间，推动地区经济一体化，提升三国在国际市场上的联合竞争力。中蒙俄经济走廊有两个通道： 一是从华北的京津冀到呼和浩特，再到蒙古和俄罗斯； 二是从大连、沈阳、长春、哈尔滨到满洲里和俄罗斯的赤塔。该走廊重点关注七大合作领域，即促进交通基础设施发展及互联互通、加强口岸建设和海关及检验检疫监管、加强产能与投资合作、深化经贸合作、拓展人文交流合作、加强生态环保合作、推动地方及边境地区合作，其中交通领域被确定为工作重点。[1]

China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor

The idea of the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor (CMREC) was proposed by President Xi Jinping on September 11, 2014 during the first trilateral meeting of the three heads of state in Dushanbe, capital of Tajikistan, and was welcomed by Russian President Vladimir Putin and Mongolian President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj. On June 23, 2016, the three countries put pen to paper on a development plan for the proposal, the first multilateral cooperation plan to form part of the Belt and Road Initiative.

As an important component of the Silk Road Economic Belt, the CMREC aims to align China’s Belt and Road Initiative with Russia’s proposal for the Eurasian Union and Mongolia’s Steppe Road program. It creates an overarching platform to tap the potential and strengths of the three parties to expand development opportunities beneficial to all, promote regional economic integration, and enhance their collective competitiveness in the international market.

The CMREC has two key traffic arteries: one extends from China’s Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region to Hohhot and on to Mongolia and Russia; the other extends from China’s Dalian, Shenyang, Changchun, Harbin and Manzhouli to Russia’s Chita.

Seven major areas of cooperation are envisaged: transport infrastructure and connectivity; port construction, and customs and border inspection and quarantine services; industrial capacity and investment; trade; cultural and people-to-people exchanges; environmental protection; and cooperation with adjacent regions. Transport is the main focus. [1]