乌龟
- 鳄龟属 Chelydra Schweigger 1812
- 大鳄龟属 Macrochelys Gray 1856
- 蠵龟属Caretta Rafinesque 1814
- 丽龟属Lepidochelys Fitzinger 1843
- 海龟属Chelonia Brongniart 1800
- 玳瑁属Eretmochelys Fitzinger 1843
- 玳瑁
- 平背龟属Natator McCulloch 1908
- 棱皮龟属Dermochelys Blainville 1816
- 泥龟属Dermatemys Gray 1847
- 动胸龟属Kinosternon Spix 1824
- 毛足动胸龟Kinosternon hirtipes Wagler 1833
- 指名亚种K. h. hirtipes Wagler 1833；查帕拉亚种K. h. chapalaense Iverson 1981；马格达莱那亚种K. h. magdalense Iverson 1981； 大头亚种K. h. megacephalum Iverson 1981； 高原亚种K. h. murrayi GlAss and Hartweg 1951；帕兹夸罗亚种K. h. tarascense Iverson 1981
- 白唇动胸龟Kinosternon leucostomum Duméril and Bibronl 1851
- 指名亚种K. l. leucostomum Duméril and Bibron 1851；南部亚种K. l. postinguinale Cope 1887；瓦哈卡动胸龟Kinosternon oaxacae Berry and Iverson 1980
- 蝎形动胸龟Kinosternon scorpioides Linnaeus 1766
- 指名亚种K. s. scorpioides Linnaeus 1766；无腋盾亚种K. s. abaxillare Baur in Stejneger 1925；白喉亚种K. s. albogulare Duméril and Bocourt 1870；红面亚种K. s. cruentatum Duméril and Bibron in Duméril and Duméril 1851
- 索诺拉动胸龟Kinosternon sonoriense LeConte 1854
- 指名亚种K. s. sonoriense LeConte 1854；长股盾亚种K. s. longifemorale Iverson 1981
- 头盔动胸龟Kinosternon subrubrum Lacépède 1788
- 指名亚种K. s. subrubrum Lacépède 1788；密西西比亚种K. s. hippocrepis Gray 1856a；佛州亚种K. s. steindachneri Siebenrock 1906
- 小麝香龟属Sternotherus Bell in Gray 1825
- 巨头麝香龟Sternotherus minor AgAssiz 1857
- 指名亚种S. m. minor AgAssiz 1857，条颈亚种S. m. peltifer Smith and GlAss 1947
- 匣龟属Claudius Cope 1865
- 麝香龟
- 麝香龟属Staurotypus Wagler 1830
- 锦龟属Chrysemys Gray 1844
- 鸡龟属Deirochelys AgAssiz 1857
- 地图龟属Graptemys AgAssiz 1857
- 环纹地图龟
- 黑瘤地图龟Graptemys nigrinoda Cagle 1954
- 指名亚种G. n. nigrinoda Cagle 1954，南部亚种G. n. delticola Folkerts and Mount 1969
- 沃希托地图龟Graptemys ouachitensis Cagle 1953
- 指名亚种G. o. ouachitensis Cagle 1953，萨宾亚种G. o. sabinensis Cagle 1953
- 拟地图龟Graptemys pseudogeographica Gray 1831
- 指名亚种G. p. pseudogeographica Gray 1831，密西西比亚种G. p. kohnii Baur 1890
- 钻纹龟属Malaclemys Gray 1844
- 河伪龟Pseudemys concinna LeConte 1830
- 指名亚种P. c. concinna LeConte 1830，佛州亚种P. c. floridana LeConte 1830，萨万尼亚种P. c. suwanniensis Carr 1937
- 丽吻彩龟Trachemys callirostris Gray 1856
- 指名种T. c. callirostris Gray 1856，委内瑞拉亚种T. c. chichiriviche Pritchard and Trebbau 1984
- 古巴彩龟Trachemys decussata Bell in Griffith and Pidgeon 1830
- 指名亚种T. d. decussata Bell in Griffith and Pidgeon 1830，西部亚种T. d. angusta Barbour and Carr 1940
- 大弯彩龟Trachemys gaigeae Hartweg 1939
- 指名亚种T. g. gaigeae Hartweg 1939
- 云斑彩龟Trachemys nebulosa Van Denburgh 1895
- 指名亚种T. n. nebulosa Van Denburgh 1895
- 安第列斯彩龟Trachemys stejnegeri Schmidt 1928
- 指名亚种T. s. stejnegeri Schmidt 1928，伊纳瓜亚种T. s. malonei Barbour and Carr 1938，多米尼加亚种T. s. vicina Barbour and Carr 1940
- 中美彩龟Trachemys venusta Gray 1856
- 指名亚种T. v. venusta Gray 1856，瓦斯特克亚种T. v. cataspila Günther 1885，格雷亚种T. v. grayi Bocourt 1868，乌氏亚种Trachemys venusta uhrigi McCord, Joseph-Ouni, Hagen & Blanck 2010，尤卡坦亚种Trachemys venusta iversoni McCord, Joseph-Ouni, Hagen & Blanck 2010，巴拿马亚种Trachemys venusta panamensis McCord, Joseph-Ouni, Hagen & Blanck 2010
- 欧洲泽龟Emys orbicularis Linnaeus 1758
- 指名亚种E. o. orbicularis Linnaeus 1758，撒丁亚种E. o. capolongoi Fritz 1995，艾氏亚种E. o. eiselti Fritz, Baran, Budak, and Amthauer 1998，奥氏亚种E. o. fritzjuergenobsti Fritz 1993，意大利亚种E. o. galloitalica Fritz 1995，希腊亚种E. o. hellenica Valenciennes in Bibron and Bory de Saint-Vincent 1832，萨沃纳亚种E. o. ingauna Jesu, Piombo, Salvidio, Lamagni, Ortale, and Genta 2004，科西嘉亚种E. o. lanzai Fritz 1995，北非亚种E. o. occidentalis Fritz 1993，伊朗亚种E. o. persica Eichwald 1831
- 斑点箱龟Terrapene nelsoni Stejneger 1925
- 指名亚种T. n. nelsoni Stejneger 1925，北部亚种T. n. klauberi Bogert 1943
- 锦箱龟Terrapene ornata AgAssiz 1857
- 指名亚种T. o. ornata AgAssiz 1857
- 平胸龟Platysternon megacephalum Gray 1831
- 中国亚种P. m. megacephalum Gray 1831，缅甸亚种P. m. peguense Gray 1870，越南亚种P. m. shiui Ernst and McCord 1987
- 马来潮龟Batagur affinis Cantor 1847
- 指名亚种B. a. affinis Cantor 1847，柬埔寨亚种B. a. edwardmolli Praschag，olloway, Georges, Paeckert, Hundsdoerfer & Fritz 2009
- 安布闭壳龟Cuora amboinensis Riche in Daudin 1801
- 指名亚种C. a. amboinensis Riche in Daudin 1801，灰背亚种C. a. couro Schweigger 1812，黑背亚种C. a. kamaroma Rummler and Fritz 1991，线纹亚种C. a. lineata McCord and Philippen 1998
- 锯缘龟Cuora mouhotii Gray 1862
- 指名亚种C. m. mouhotii Gray 1862，奥氏亚种C. m. obsti Fritz, Andreas, and Lehr 1998
- 地中海拟水龟Mauremys leprosa Schweigger 1812
- 指名亚种M. l. leprosa Schweigger 1812，撒哈拉亚种M. l. saharica Schleich 1996
- 黄喉拟水龟Mauremys mutica Cantor 1842
- 指名亚种M. m. mutica Cantor 1842，琉球亚种M. m. kami Yasukawa, Ota, and Iverson 1996
- 史密斯棱背龟Pangshura smithii Gray 1863
- 指名亚种P. s. smithii Gray 1863，白足亚种P. s. pallidipes Moll 1987
- 帐篷棱背龟Pangshura tentoria Gray 1834
- 指名亚种P. t. tentoria Gray 1834，粉红圈亚种P. t. circumdata Mertens 1969，黄腹亚种P. t. flaviventer Günther 1864
- 锦木纹龟Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima Gray 1856
- 指名亚种R. p. pulcherrima Gray 1856，雕纹亚种R. p. incisa Bocourt 1868，中美亚种R. p. manni Dunn 1930，索诺拉亚种R. p. rogerbarbouri Ernst 1978
- 斑腿木纹龟Rhinoclemmys punctularia Daudin 1801
- 指名亚种R. p. punctularia Daudin 1801
- 帐篷沙龟Psammobates tentorius Bell 1828a
- 指名亚种P. t. tentorius Bell 1828a，西部亚种P. t. trimeni Boulenger 1886，北部亚种P. t. verroxii Smith 1839
- 欧洲陆龟Testudo graeca Linnaeus 1758
- 指名亚种T. g. graeca Linnaeus 1758，亚美尼亚亚种T. g. armeniaca Chkhikvadze and Bakradze 1991，里海亚种T. g. buxtoni Boulenger 1921，昔兰尼加亚种T. g. cyrenaica Pieh and Per?l? 2002，土耳其亚种T. g. ibera Pallas 1814，摩洛哥亚种T. g. marokkensis Pieh and Perel 2004，突尼斯亚种T. g. nabeulensis Highfield 1990，苏斯亚种T. g. soussensis Pieh 2001，黎凡特亚种T. g. terrestris Forssk?l 1775，伊朗亚种T. g. zarudnyi Nikolsky 1896
- 赫曼陆龟Testudo hermanni Gmelin 1789
- 指名亚种T. h. hermanni Gmelin 1789，东部亚种T. h. boettgeri Mojsisovics 1889
- 印度缘板鳖Lissemys punctata Lacépède 1788
- 指名亚种L. p. punctata Lacépède 1788，北印度亚种L. p. andersoni Webb 1980，中印度亚种L. p. vittata Peters 1854
- 美国鳖Apalone mutica LeSueur 1827
- 指名亚种A. m. mutica LeSueur 1827，南部亚种A. m. calvata Webb 1959
- 泰国小头鳖Chitra chitra Nutaphand 1986
- 指名亚种C. c. chitra Nutaphand 1986，爪哇亚种C. c. javanensis McCord and Pritchard 2003
- 红头扁龟Platemys platycephala Schneider 1792
- 指名亚种P. p. platycephala Schneider 1792，黑背亚种P. p. melanonota Ernst 1984
- 罗地长颈龟Chelodina mccordi Rhodin 1994
- 指名亚种C. m. mccordi Rhodin 1994，东部亚种C. m. roteensis McCord, Joseph-Ouni, and Hagen 2007
- 墨累澳龟Emydura macquarii Gray 1830
- 指名亚种E. m. macquarii Gray 1830，库珀亚种E. m. emmotti Cann, McCord, and Joseph-Ouni 2003，克氏亚种E. m. krefftii Gray 1871，弗雷泽亚种E. m. nigra McCord, Cann, and Joseph-Ouni 2003
- 圆澳龟Emydura subglobosa Krefft 1876
- 指名亚种E. s. subglobosa Krefft 1876，沃氏亚种E. s. worrelli Wells and Wellington 1985
- 威廉斯侧颈龟Pelusios williamsi Laurent 1965
- 指名亚种P. w. williamsi Laurent 1965，乌凯雷韦亚种P. w. laurenti Bour 1984，爱德华湖亚种P. w. lutescens Laurent 1965
- 近500年内灭绝的龟类如下
目录
曲颈龟亚目 Cryptodira Cope 1868
鳄龟属 Chelydra Schweigger 1812：
北美鳄龟Chelydra serpentina Linnaeus 1758
南美鳄龟Chelydra acutirostris Peters 1862
中美鳄龟Chelydra rossignonii Bocourt 1868
大鳄龟属 Macrochelys Gray 1856：
大鳄龟Macrochelys temminckii Troost in Harlan 1835
蠵龟属Caretta Rafinesque 1814：
蠵龟Caretta caretta Linnaeus 1758
丽龟属Lepidochelys Fitzinger 1843：
肯氏丽龟Lepidochelys kempii Garman 1880
太平洋丽龟Lepidochelys olivacea Eschscholtz 1829
海龟属Chelonia Brongniart 1800：
绿海龟Chelonia mydas Linnaeus 1758
玳瑁属Eretmochelys Fitzinger 1843：
玳瑁Eretmochelys imbricata Linnaeus 1766
平背龟属Natator McCulloch 1908：
平背龟Natator depressus Garman 1880
棱皮龟属Dermochelys Blainville 1816：
棱皮龟Dermochelys coriacea Vandelli 1761
泥龟属Dermatemys Gray 1847：
泥龟Dermatemys mawii Gray 1847
动胸龟属Kinosternon Spix 1824：
斑纹动胸龟Kinosternon acutum Gray 1831
阿拉莫斯动胸龟Kinosternon alamosae Berry and Legler 1980
窄桥动胸龟Kinosternon angustipons Legler 1965
亚利桑那动胸龟Kinosternon arizonense Gilmore 1922
条纹动胸龟Kinosternon baurii Garman 1891动胸龟
哈利斯科动胸龟Kinosternon chimalhuaca Berry, Seidel, and Iverson in Rogner 1996
尤卡坦动胸龟Kinosternon creaseri Hartweg 1934
乔科动胸龟Kinosternon dunni Schmidt 1947
杜兰戈动胸龟Kinosternon durangoense Iverson 1979
黄动胸龟Kinosternon flavescens AgAssiz 1857
埃雷拉动胸龟Kinosternon herrerai Stejneger 1925
毛足动胸龟Kinosternon hirtipes Wagler 1833：指名亚种K. h. hirtipes Wagler 1833；查帕拉亚种K. h. chapalaense Iverson 1981；马格达莱那亚种K. h. magdalense Iverson 1981； 大头亚种K. h. megacephalum Iverson 1981； 高原亚种K. h. murrayi GlAss and Hartweg 1951；帕兹夸罗亚种K. h. tarascense Iverson 1981
墨西哥动胸龟Kinosternon integrum LeConte 1854
白唇动胸龟Kinosternon leucostomum Duméril and Bibronl 1851：指名亚种K. l. leucostomum Duméril and Bibron 1851；南部亚种K. l. postinguinale Cope 1887；瓦哈卡动胸龟Kinosternon oaxacae Berry and Iverson 1980
蝎形动胸龟Kinosternon scorpioides Linnaeus 1766：指名亚种K. s. scorpioides Linnaeus 1766；无腋盾亚种K. s. abaxillare Baur in Stejneger 1925；白喉亚种K. s. albogulare Duméril and Bocourt 1870；红面亚种K. s. cruentatum Duméril and Bibron in Duméril and Duméril 1851
索诺拉动胸龟Kinosternon sonoriense LeConte 1854：指名亚种K. s. sonoriense LeConte 1854；长股盾亚种K. s. longifemorale Iverson 1981
头盔动胸龟Kinosternon subrubrum Lacépède 1788：指名亚种K. s. subrubrum Lacépède 1788；密西西比亚种K. s. hippocrepis Gray 1856a；佛州亚种K. s. steindachneri Siebenrock 1906
小麝香龟属Sternotherus Bell in Gray 1825：
剃刀麝香龟Sternotherus carinatus Gray 1856
平壳麝香龟Sternotherus depressus Tinkle and Webb 1955
巨头麝香龟Sternotherus minor AgAssiz 1857：指名亚种S. m. minor AgAssiz 1857，条颈亚种S. m. peltifer Smith and GlAss 1947
密西西比麝香龟Sternotherus odoratus Latreille in Sonnini and Latreille 1801
匣龟属Claudius Cope 1865：
窄桥匣龟Claudius angustatus Cope 1865
麝香龟属Staurotypus Wagler 1830：
萨尔文麝香龟Staurotypus salvinii Gray 1864b
三棱麝香龟Staurotypus triporcatus Wiegmann 1828
锦龟属Chrysemys Gray 1844：
锦龟Chrysemys picta Schneider 1783
东部锦龟C. p. picta Schneider 1783
西部锦龟C. p. bellii Gray 1830
南部锦龟C. p. dorsalis AgAssiz 1857
中部锦龟C. p. marginata AgAssiz 1857
鸡龟属Deirochelys AgAssiz 1857：
鸡龟Deirochelys reticularia Latreille in Sonnini and Latreille 1801
东部鸡龟D. r. reticularia Latreille in Sonnini and Latreille 1801
佛州鸡龟D. r. chrysea Schwartz 1956
西部鸡龟D. r. miaria Schwartz 1956
地图龟属Graptemys AgAssiz 1857：环纹地图龟
巴氏地图龟Graptemys barbouri Carr and Marchand 1942
卡氏地图龟Graptemys caglei Haynes and McKown 1974
恩氏地图龟Graptemys ernsti Lovich and McCoy 1992
黄斑地图龟Graptemys flavimaculata Cagle 1954，地理图龟Graptemys geographica LeSueur 1817
吉氏地图龟Graptemys gibbonsi Lovich and McCoy 1992
黑瘤地图龟Graptemys nigrinoda Cagle 1954：指名亚种G. n. nigrinoda Cagle 1954，南部亚种G. n. delticola Folkerts and Mount 1969
环纹地图龟Graptemys oculifera Baur 1890
沃希托地图龟Graptemys ouachitensis Cagle 1953：指名亚种G. o. ouachitensis Cagle 1953，萨宾亚种G. o. sabinensis Cagle 1953
珍珠河地图龟Graptemys pearlensis Ennen, Lovich, Kreiser, Selman & Qualls 2010
拟地图龟Graptemys pseudogeographica Gray 1831：指名亚种G. p. pseudogeographica Gray 1831，密西西比亚种G. p. kohnii Baur 1890
亚拉巴马地图龟Graptemys pulchra Baur 1893，德州地图龟Graptemys versa Stejneger 1925
钻纹龟属Malaclemys Gray 1844：
钻纹龟Malaclemys terrapin Schoepff 1793
北部钻纹龟M. t. terrapin Schoepff 1793
卡罗莱纳钻纹龟M. t. centrata Latreille in Sonnini and Latreille 1801
德州钻纹龟M. t. littoralis Hay 1904
锦钻纹龟M. t. macrospilota Hay 1904
密西西比钻纹龟M. t. pileata Wied 1865
红树林钻纹龟M. t. rhizophorarum Fowler 1906
东佛州钻纹龟M. t. tequesta Schwartz 1955
伪龟属Pseudemys Gray 1856
亚拉巴马伪龟Pseudemys alabamensis Baur 1893
河伪龟Pseudemys concinna LeConte 1830：指名亚种P. c. concinna LeConte 1830，佛州亚种P. c. floridana LeConte 1830，萨万尼亚种P. c. suwanniensis Carr 1937
格兰德伪龟Pseudemys gorzugi Ward 1984
纳氏伪龟Pseudemys nelsoni Carr 1938
半岛伪龟Pseudemys peninsularis Carr 1938
红腹伪龟Pseudemys rubriventris LeConte 1830
德州伪龟Pseudemys texana Baur 1893
彩龟属Trachemys AgAssiz 1857
亚马逊彩龟Trachemys adiutrix Vanzolini 1995
丽吻彩龟Trachemys callirostris Gray 1856：指名种T. c. callirostris Gray 1856，委内瑞拉亚种T. c. chichiriviche Pritchard and Trebbau 1984
海地彩龟Trachemys decorata Barbour and Carr 1940
古巴彩龟Trachemys decussata Bell in Griffith and Pidgeon 1830：指名亚种T. d. decussata Bell in Griffith and Pidgeon 1830，西部亚种T. d. angusta Barbour and Carr 1940
南美彩龟Trachemys dorbigni Duméril and Bibron 1835
尼加拉瓜彩龟Trachemys emolli Legler 1990
大弯彩龟Trachemys gaigeae Hartweg 1939：指名亚种T. g. gaigeae Hartweg 1939
纳萨斯彩龟T. g. hartwegi Legler 1990
云斑彩龟Trachemys nebulosa Van Denburgh 1895：指名亚种T. n. nebulosa Van Denburgh 1895
希尔顿彩龟T. n. hiltoni Carr 1942
锦彩龟Trachemys ornata Gray 1830
普通彩龟Trachemys scripta Schoepff 1792
黄腹彩龟T. s. scripta Schoepff 1792
红耳彩龟T. s. elegans Wied 1839
坎伯兰彩龟T. s. troostii Holbrook 1836
安第列斯彩龟Trachemys stejnegeri Schmidt 1928：指名亚种T. s. stejnegeri Schmidt 1928，伊纳瓜亚种T. s. malonei Barbour and Carr 1938，多米尼加亚种T. s. vicina Barbour and Carr 1940
泰氏彩龟Trachemys taylori Legler 1960
牙买加彩龟Trachemys terrapen Lacépède 1788牙买加彩龟
中美彩龟Trachemys venusta Gray 1856：指名亚种T. v. venusta Gray 1856，瓦斯特克亚种T. v. cataspila Günther 1885，格雷亚种T. v. grayi Bocourt 1868，乌氏亚种Trachemys venusta uhrigi McCord, Joseph-Ouni, Hagen & Blanck 2010，尤卡坦亚种Trachemys venusta iversoni McCord, Joseph-Ouni, Hagen & Blanck 2010，巴拿马亚种Trachemys venusta panamensis McCord, Joseph-Ouni, Hagen & Blanck 2010
亚基彩龟Trachemys yaquia Legler and Webb 1970
石斑龟属Actinemys AgAssiz 1857
石斑龟Actinemys marmorata Baird and Girard 1852
水龟属Clemmys Ritgen 1828
斑点水龟Clemmys guttata Schneider 1792
拟龟属Emydoidea Gray 1870
布氏拟龟Emydoidea blandingii Holbrook 1838
泽龟属Emys Duméril 1806
欧洲泽龟Emys orbicularis Linnaeus 1758：指名亚种E. o. orbicularis Linnaeus 1758，撒丁亚种E. o. capolongoi Fritz 1995，艾氏亚种E. o. eiselti Fritz, Baran, Budak, and Amthauer 1998，奥氏亚种E. o. fritzjuergenobsti Fritz 1993，意大利亚种E. o. galloitalica Fritz 1995，希腊亚种E. o. hellenica Valenciennes in Bibron and Bory de Saint-Vincent 1832，萨沃纳亚种E. o. ingauna Jesu, Piombo, Salvidio, Lamagni, Ortale, and Genta 2004，科西嘉亚种E. o. lanzai Fritz 1995，北非亚种E. o. occidentalis Fritz 1993，伊朗亚种E. o. persica Eichwald 1831
西西里泽龟Emys trinacris Fritz, Fattizzo, Guicking, Tripepi, Pennisi, Lenk, Joger, and Wink 2005
木雕龟属Glyptemys AgAssiz 1857
木雕龟Glyptemys insculpta LeConte 1830
牟氏龟Glyptemys muhlenbergii Schoepff 1801
箱龟属Terrapene Merrem 1820
卡罗莱纳箱龟Terrapene carolina Linnaeus 1758
东部箱龟T. c. carolina Linnaeus 1758
佛州箱龟T. c. bauri Taylor 1895
湾岸箱龟T. c. major AgAssiz 1857
墨西哥箱龟T. c. mexicana Gray 1849
三爪箱龟T. c. triunguis AgAssiz 1857
尤卡坦箱龟T. c. yucatana Boulenger 1895
沼泽箱龟Terrapene coahuila Schmidt and Owens 1944
斑点箱龟Terrapene nelsoni Stejneger 1925：指名亚种T. n. nelsoni Stejneger 1925，北部亚种T. n. klauberi Bogert 1943
锦箱龟Terrapene ornata AgAssiz 1857：指名亚种T. o. ornata AgAssiz 1857
沙漠箱龟T. o. luteola Smith and Ramsey 1952
平胸龟属Platysternon Gray 1831
平胸龟Platysternon megacephalum Gray 1831：中国亚种P. m. megacephalum Gray 1831，缅甸亚种P. m. peguense Gray 1870，越南亚种P. m. shiui Ernst and McCord 1987
潮龟属Batagur Gray 1856
马来潮龟Batagur affinis Cantor 1847：指名亚种B. a. affinis Cantor 1847，柬埔寨亚种B. a. edwardmolli Praschag，olloway, Georges, Paeckert, Hundsdoerfer & Fritz 2009
印度潮龟Batagur baska Gray 1830
咸水潮龟Batagur borneoensis Schlegel and Müller 1845
三线潮龟Batagur dhongoka Gray 1832
红冠潮龟Batagur kachuga Gray 1831
缅甸潮龟Batagur trivittata Duméril and Bibron 1835
闭壳龟属Cuora Gray 1856a
安布闭壳龟Cuora amboinensis Riche in Daudin 1801：指名亚种C. a. amboinensis Riche in Daudin 1801，灰背亚种C. a. couro Schweigger 1812，黑背亚种C. a. kamaroma Rummler and Fritz 1991，线纹亚种C. a. lineata McCord and Philippen 1998
金头闭壳龟Cuora aurocapitata Luo and Zong 1988
琉球闭壳龟Cuora evelynae Ernst and Lovich 1990
黄缘闭壳龟Cuora flavomarginata Gray 1863
黄额闭壳龟Cuora galbinifrons Bourret 1939
布氏闭壳龟Cuora bourreti Obst and Reimann 1994
图画闭壳龟Cuora picturata Lehr, Fritz, and Obst 1998
百色闭壳龟Cuora mccordi Ernst 1988
锯缘龟Cuora mouhotii Gray 1862：指名亚种C. m. mouhotii Gray 1862，奥氏亚种C. m. obsti Fritz, Andreas, and Lehr 1998
潘氏闭壳龟Cuora pani Song 1984
三线闭壳龟Cuora trifasciata Bell 1825
云南闭壳龟Cuora yunnanensis Boulenger 1906
周氏闭壳龟Cuora zhoui Zhao in Zhao, Zhou, and Ye 1990
摄龟属Cyclemys Bell 1834
黑桥摄龟Cyclemys atripons Iverson and McCord 1997
齿缘摄龟Cyclemys dentata Gray 1831
白舌摄龟Cyclemys enigmatica Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer, Wink, and Hundsd?rfer 2008
灰舌摄龟Cyclemys fusca Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer, Wink, and Hundsd?rfer 2008
印度摄龟Cyclemys gemeli Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer, Wink, and Hundsd?rfer 2008
欧氏摄龟Cyclemys oldhamii Gray 1863
丽纹摄龟Cyclemys pulchristriata Fritz, Gaulke, and Lehr 1997
池龟属Geoclemys Gray 1856
黑池龟Geoclemys hamiltonii Gray 1830
地龟属Geoemyda Gray 1834
日本地龟Geoemyda japonica Fan 1931
地龟Geoemyda spengleri Gmelin 1789
草龟属Hardella Gray 1870
冠背草龟Hardella thurjii Gray 1831
东方龟属Heosemys Stejneger 1902
庙龟Heosemys annandalii Boulenger 1903
扁东方龟Heosemys depressa Anderson 1875
大东方龟Heosemys grandis Gray 1860
刺东方龟Heosemys spinosa Gray 1830
白头龟属Leucocephalon McCord, Iverson, Spinks, and Shaffer 2000
白头龟Leucocephalon yuwonoi McCord, Iverson, and Boeadi 1995
食蜗龟属Malayemys Lindholm 1931
西部食蜗龟Malayemys macrocephala Gray 1859
东部食蜗龟Malayemys subtrijuga Schlegel and Müller 1845
拟水龟属Mauremys Gray 1869
安南拟水龟Mauremys annamensis Siebenrock 1903
里海拟水龟Mauremys caspica Gmelin 1774
日本拟水龟Mauremys japonica Temminck and Schlegel 1835
地中海拟水龟Mauremys leprosa Schweigger 1812：指名亚种M. l. leprosa Schweigger 1812，撒哈拉亚种M. l. saharica Schleich 1996
黄喉拟水龟Mauremys mutica Cantor 1842：指名亚种M. m. mutica Cantor 1842，琉球亚种M. m. kami Yasukawa, Ota, and Iverson 1996
黑颈乌龟Mauremys nigricans Gray 1834
乌龟（
刺颈龟属Acanthochelys Gray 1873
大头刺颈龟Acanthochelys macrocephala Rhodin, Mittermeier, and McMorris 1984
刺股刺颈龟Acanthochelys pallidipectoris Freiberg 1945
放射刺颈龟Acanthochelys radiolata Mikan 1820
黑腹刺颈龟Acanthochelys spixii Duméril and Bibron 1835
蛇颈龟属Chelus Duméril 1806
毛缘蛇颈龟（玛塔）Chelus fimbriata Schneider 1783
蟾龟（中龟）属Mesoclemmys Gray 1873
达氏蟾龟Mesoclemmys dahli Zangerl and Medem 1958
棱背蟾龟Mesoclemmys gibba Schweigger 1812
黄环蟾龟Mesoclemmys heliostemma McCord, Joseph-Ouni, and Lamar 2001
霍氏蟾龟Mesoclemmys hogei Mertens 1967
圭亚那蟾龟Mesoclemmys nasuta Schweigger 1812
长背蟾龟Mesoclemmys perplexa Bour and Zaher 2005
亚马逊蟾龟Mesoclemmys raniceps Gray 1856b
疣颈蟾龟Mesoclemmys tuberculata Luederwaldt 1926
范氏蟾龟Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei Bour 1973
苏利亚蟾龟Mesoclemmys zuliae Pritchard and Trebbau 1984
蟾龟属Phrynops Wagler 1830
花面蟾龟Phrynops geoffroanus Schweigger 1812
希氏蟾龟Phrynops hilarii Duméril and Bibron 1835
北花面蟾龟Phrynops tuberosus Peters 1870
威廉斯蟾龟Phrynops williamsi Rhodin and Mittermeier 1983
红腿蟾龟属Rhinemys Wagler 1830
红腿蟾龟Rhinemys rufipes Spix 1824
扁龟属Platemys Wagler 1830
红头扁龟Platemys platycephala Schneider 1792：指名亚种P. p. platycephala Schneider 1792，黑背亚种P. p. melanonota Ernst 1984
渔龟属Hydromedusa Wagler 1830
巴西渔龟Hydromedusa maximiliani Mikan 1825
刻纹渔龟Hydromedusa tectifera Cope 1870
长颈龟属Chelodina Fitzinger 1826
小长颈龟亚属Chelodina Fitzinger 1826
坎氏长颈龟Chelodina canni McCord and Thomson 2002
古氏长颈龟Chelodina gunaleni McCord and Joseph-Ouni 2007
东澳长颈龟Chelodina longicollis Shaw 1794
罗地长颈龟Chelodina mccordi Rhodin 1994：指名亚种C. m. mccordi Rhodin 1994，东部亚种C. m. roteensis McCord, Joseph-Ouni, and Hagen 2007
新几内亚长颈龟Chelodina novaeguineae Boulenger 1888
普氏长颈龟Chelodina pritchardi Rhodin 1994
雷曼长颈龟Chelodina reimanni Philippen and Grossmann 1990
圆长颈龟Chelodina steindachneri Siebenrock 1914
帝汶长颈龟Chelodina timorensis McCord, Joseph-Ouni, and Hagen 2007
大长颈龟亚属Macrochelodina Wells and Wellington 1985
砂岩长颈龟Chelodina burrungandjii Thomson, Kennett, and Georges 2000
宽甲长颈龟Chelodina expansa Gray 1857
纹面长颈龟Chelodina parkeri Rhodin and Mittermeier 1976
皱面长颈龟Chelodina rugosa Ogilby 1890
长须长颈龟Chelodina walloyarrina McCord and Joseph-Ouni 2007b
窄胸长颈龟亚属Macrodiremys McCord and Joseph-Ouni 2007或未定名
窄胸长颈龟Chelodina oblonga Gray 1841
伊澳癞颈龟属Elseya Gray 1867
白喉癞颈龟Elseya albagula Thomson, Georges, and Limpus 2006
布氏癞颈龟Elseya branderhorsti Ouwens 1914
齿缘癞颈龟Elseya dentata Gray 1863
欧文癞颈龟Elseya irwini Cann 1997
拉氏癞颈龟Elseya lavarackorum White and Archer 1994
新几内亚癞颈龟Elseya novaeguineae Meyer 1874
舒氏癞颈龟Elseya schultzei Vogt 1911
东澳癞颈龟属Myuchelys Thomson & Georges 2009
贝氏癞颈龟Myuchelys bellii Gray 1844
贝林杰癞颈龟Myuchelys georgesi Cann 1997
宽胸癞颈龟Myuchelys latisternum Gray 1867
曼宁癞颈龟Myuchelys purvisi Wells and Wellington 1985
隐龟属Elusor Cann and Legler 1994
巨尾隐龟Elusor macrurus Cann and Legler 1994
澳龟属Emydura Bonaparte 1836
大头澳龟Emydura australis Gray 1841
墨累澳龟Emydura macquarii Gray 1830：指名亚种E. m. macquarii Gray 1830，库珀亚种E. m. emmotti Cann, McCord, and Joseph-Ouni 2003，克氏亚种E. m. krefftii Gray 1871，弗雷泽亚种E. m. nigra McCord, Cann, and Joseph-Ouni 2003
圆澳龟Emydura subglobosa Krefft 1876：指名亚种E. s. subglobosa Krefft 1876，沃氏亚种E. s. worrelli Wells and Wellington 1985
黄面澳龟Emydura tanybaraga Cann 1997
红面澳龟Emydura victoriae Gray 1842
拟澳龟属Pseudemydura Siebenrock 1901
拟澳龟Pseudemydura umbrina Siebenrock 1901
溪龟属Rheodytes Legler and Cann 1980
白眼溪龟Rheodytes leukops Legler and Cann 1980
Pelomedusidae Cope 1868
侧颈龟属Pelomedusa Wagler 1830
沼泽侧颈龟Pelomedusa subrufa Lacépède 1788
非洲侧颈龟属Pelusios Wagler 1830
安氏侧颈龟Pelusios adansonii Schweigger 1812
奥卡万戈侧颈龟Pelusios bechuanicus FitzSimons 1932
肯尼亚侧颈龟Pelusios broadleyi Bour 1986
棱背侧颈龟Pelusios carinatus Laurent 1956
西非侧颈龟Pelusios castaneus Schweigger 1812
黄腹侧颈龟Pelusios castanoides Hewitt 1931
中非侧颈龟Pelusios chapini Laurent 1965
科特迪瓦侧颈龟Pelusios cupulatta Bour and Maran 2003
加蓬侧颈龟Pelusios gabonensis Duméril 1856
马氏侧颈龟Pelusios marani Bour 2000
侏侧颈龟Pelusios nanus Laurent 1956
黑侧颈龟Pelusios niger Duméril and Bibron 1835
罗得西亚侧颈龟Pelusios rhodesianus Hewitt 1927
塞舌尔侧颈龟Pelusios seychellensis Siebenrock 1906
锯齿侧颈龟Pelusios sinuatus Smith 1838
东非侧颈龟Pelusios subniger Lacépède 1788
乌彭巴侧颈龟Pelusios upembae Broadley 1981
威廉斯侧颈龟Pelusios williamsi Laurent 1965：指名亚种P. w. williamsi Laurent 1965，乌凯雷韦亚种P. w. laurenti Bour 1984，爱德华湖亚种P. w. lutescens Laurent 1965
马岛侧颈龟属Erymnochelys Baur 1888
马岛侧颈龟Erymnochelys madagascariensis Grandidier 1867
亚马逊侧颈龟属Peltocephalus Duméril and Bibron 1835
亚马逊侧颈龟Peltocephalus dumerilianus Schweigger 1812
南美侧颈龟属Podocnemis Wagler 1830
红头侧颈龟Podocnemis erythrocephala Spix 1824
巨型侧颈龟Podocnemis expansa Schweigger 1812
马格达莱纳侧颈龟Podocnemis lewyana Duméril 1852
六疣侧颈龟Podocnemis sextuberculata Cornalia 1849
黄头侧颈龟Podocnemis unifilis Troschel 1848
草原侧颈龟Podocnemis vogli Müller 1935
近500年内灭绝的龟类如下：
塞舌尔侧颈龟Pelusios seychellensis — 侧颈龟科; 塞舌尔; 约1950年
大头毛足动胸龟Kinosternon hirtipes megacephalum — 动胸龟科;墨西哥; 约1970年
道氏陆龟Aldabrachelys daudinii — 陆龟科; 塞舌尔; 约1850年
以下三种为加拉帕戈斯陆龟类
平塔陆龟Chelonoidis abingdonii— 陆龟科; 加拉帕戈帕斯的平塔岛; 2012年6月24日
圣玛丽亚陆龟Chelonoidis nigra nigra — 陆龟科; 加拉帕戈斯的圣玛丽亚岛;约1850年
费岛陆龟Chelonoidis nigra phantastica — 陆龟科; 加拉帕戈斯的费尔南迪纳岛; 约1960年
以下为纯灭绝属马斯克林陆龟Cylindraspis的成员
毛岛圆背陆龟Cylindraspis inepta — 陆龟科; 毛里求斯;约1730年
留尼旺陆龟Cylindraspis indica — 陆龟科; 留尼旺;约1800年
毛岛鞍背陆龟Cylindraspis triserrata — 陆龟科; 毛里求斯; 约1800年
罗岛圆背陆龟Cylindraspis peltastes — 陆龟科; 罗德里格斯; 约1810年
罗岛鞍背陆龟Cylindraspis vosmaeri — 陆龟科; 罗德里格斯; 约1810年
《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》中列入的龟鳖目物种表
附录I | 附录II | 附录III |
两爪鳖科Carettochelyidae | ||
| 两爪鳖Carettochelys insculpta |
|
蛇颈龟科Chelidae | ||
短颈龟Pseudemyduraumbrina | 麦氏长颈龟Chelodina mccordi (野外获得标本的出口限额为零) |
|
海龟科Cheloniidae | ||
★海龟科所有种Cheloniidae spp. |
|
|
鳄龟科Chelydridae | ||
|
| 大鳄龟Macroclemys temminckii (美国) |
泥龟科Dermatemydidae | ||
| 泥 龟Dermatemysmawii |
|
棱皮龟科Dermochelyidae | ||
★棱皮龟Dermochelyscoriacea |
|
|
龟 科Emydidae | ||
牟氏水龟Glyptemys muhlenbergii 箱 龟Terrapenecoahuila | 斑点水龟Clemmys guttata 布氏拟龟Emydoidea blandingii 木雕水龟Glyptemysinsculpta 钻纹龟Malaclemysterrapin 箱龟属所有种Terrapene spp. (除被列入附录I的物种) | 图龟属所有种Graptemys spp.(美国) |
地龟科Geoemydidae | ||
马来潮龟Batagur affinis 潮 龟Batagurbaska 黑池龟Geoclemys hamiltonii 三脊棱龟Melanochelys tricarinata 眼斑沼龟Moreniaocellata 印度泛棱背龟Pangshuratecta | 咸水龟Batagur borneoensis7 三棱潮龟 Batagurdhongoka 红冠潮龟 Batagurkachuga 缅甸潮龟 Batagurtrivittata 7 ★闭壳龟属所有种 Cuora spp. (金头闭壳龟Cuora aurocapitata、黄缘闭壳龟C. flavomarginata、黄额闭壳龟C. galbinifrons、百色闭壳龟C. mccordi、锯缘闭壳龟C. mouhotii、潘氏闭壳龟C. pani、三线闭壳龟C. trifasciata、云南闭壳龟C. yunnanensis和周氏闭壳龟C. zhoui野外获得标本以商业为目的贸易限额为零) ★摄龟属所有种Cyclemys spp. 日本地龟Geoemyda japonica ★地 龟Geoemyda spengleri 冠背草龟Hardella thurjii 庙 龟 Heosemys annandalii 7 扁东方龟Heosemys depressa 7 大东方龟Heosemys grandis 锯缘东方龟Heosemys spinosa 苏拉威西地龟 Leucocephalon yuwonoi 大头马来龟Malayemys macrocephala 马来龟Malayemys subtrijuga 安南龟Mauremys annamensis 7 日本拟水龟Mauremys japonica ★黄喉拟水龟Mauremys mutica ★黑颈乌龟Mauremys nigricans 黑山龟Melanochelys trijuga 印度沼龟Morenia petersi 果 龟Notochelys platynota 巨 龟 Orlitia borneensis 7 泛棱背龟属所有种Pangshura spp. (除被列入附录I的物种) ★眼斑水龟Sacalia bealei ★四眼斑水龟Sacalia quadriocellata 粗颈龟Siebenrockiella crAssicollis 雷岛粗颈龟Siebenrockiella leytensis 蔗林龟Vijayachelys silvatica | ★艾氏拟水龟Mauremys iversoni (中国) ★大头乌龟Mauremys megalocephala (中国) ★腊戍拟水龟Mauremys pritchardi (中国) ★乌 龟Mauremys reevesii (中国) ★花 龟Mauremys sinensis (中国) ★缺颌花龟Ocadia glyphistoma (中国) ★费氏花龟Ocadia philippeni (中国) ★拟眼斑水龟Sacalia pesudocellata (中国) |
平胸龟科Platysternidae | ||
★平胸龟科所有种Platysternidae spp. |
|
|
侧颈龟科Podocnemididae | ||
| 马达加斯加大头侧颈龟Erymnochelysmadagascariensis 亚马孙大头侧颈龟Peltocephalus dumerilianus 南美侧颈龟属所有种Podocnemis spp. |
|
陆龟科Testudinidae | ||
辐纹陆龟Astrochelys radiata 马达加斯加陆龟Astrochelys yniphora 象 龟Chelonoidis nigra 缅甸星龟Geochelone platynota 黄缘沙龟Gopherus flavomarginatus 几何沙龟Psammobatesgeometricus 马达加斯加蛛网龟Pyxis arachnoides 扁尾蛛网龟Pyxis planicauda 埃及陆龟Testudokleinmanni | ★陆龟科所有种 Testudinidae spp. (除被列入附录I的物种；中非陆龟Geochelone sulcata野外获得标本的商业性出口限额为零。) |
|
鳖 科Trionychidae | ||
刺鳖深色亚种Apalone spinifera atra 小头鳖Chitra chitra 缅甸小头鳖Chitra vandijki 恒河鳖Nilssonia gangeticus 宏 鳖Nilssonia hurum 黑 鳖Nilssonia nigricans | 亚洲鳖Amyda cartilaginea 小头鳖属所有种Chitra spp. (除被列入附录Ⅰ的种类) 马来鳖Dogania subplana 斯里兰卡缘板鳖Lissemys ceylonensis 缘板鳖Lissemys punctata 缅甸缘板鳖Lissemys scutata 孔雀鳖Nilssonia formosa 莱氏鳖Nilssonia leithii ★山瑞鳖Palea steindachneri ★鼋属所有种Pelochelys spp. ★砂 鳖Pelodiscus axenaria ★东北鳖Pelodiscus maackii ★小 鳖Pelodiscus parviformis ★斑 鳖Rafetus swinhoei |
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乌龟为什么有壳？很多人会说这是“缩头乌龟”最稳妥的自我保护手段。然而一个国际古生物学研究团队在2016年7月报告说，乌龟有壳是适应环境的表现，不过不是为了保护，而是为了向地下挖洞。 龟壳
古生物学界认为，最早在2.8亿年前生活在南非的正南龟可能是现代乌龟的祖先。化石的分析和现代乌龟龟壳的生长过程显示，龟壳是从龟的肋骨逐渐增宽后进化而来的。与其他爬行动物相比，正南龟的肋骨变宽，脊柱上的椎骨变长，但肋骨还未完全连在一起形成和当今龟类一样的完整外壳。
研究人员在美国《当代生物学》上报告说，他们在南非卡罗盆地发现了数块正南龟化石，其中一块化石保存完好，有一只正南龟的完整骨骼和“手脚”。
研究人员分析这些化石后认为，在距今约2.5亿年前发生了二叠纪至三叠纪灭绝事件，正南龟在这场大规模物种灭绝事件中幸存下来。正南龟可能为了躲避当时南非地区的严酷自然环境而努力向地下挖洞，为了保证前肢的挖掘动作足够有力，正南龟的身体需要一个稳定的支撑，最终导致其肋骨不断增宽、进化为龟壳。
美国丹佛自然科学博物馆古生物学家泰勒·莱森解释说，肋骨是一类很“乏味”的骨头，无论是鲸还是蛇，无论是人还是恐龙，肋骨的样子几乎都差不多，但乌龟是个特例。肋骨在动物活动中起到支撑身体及协助肺通气的作用；对四足动物来说，格外增宽的肋骨会让动物的身体更为僵硬、限制动物的迈步距离并干扰它们的呼吸。
1. 常见乌龟品种中，很多是陆生龟，不要放生到水里，会把它们溺死。
2. 巴西龟、鳄龟、佛罗里达鳖是入侵物种，不要放生。
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